Chapter 9 Study Guide

Chapter 9

Study Guide

inauguration – the ceremony in which the President officially takes the oath of office.

precedent – an act or decision that sets an example for others to follow.

Cabinet – heads of departments that give the President advice.

Judiciary Act – a 1789 law that created the structure of the Supreme Court and set up a system of district courts and circuit courts for the nation.

national debt – the total amount of money that a government owes others

bond – a certificate that promises to repay the money loaned, plus interest, on a certain date.

speculator – a person who invests in a risky venture in the hope of making a large profit.

Bank of the United States – bank set up in 1791 to hold government deposits, to issue paper money to pay government bills, and to make loans to farmers and businesses.

tariff – a tax on foreign goods brought into the country

Whiskey Rebellion – a 1794 protest over a tax on all liquor made and sold in the United States

French Revolution – a 1789 rebellion in France that ended the French monarchy for a time.

foreign policy – the actions that a nation takes in relation to other nations.

neutral – not taking sides.

Neutrality Proclamation – document that stated that the United States would not support either side in the war.

Jay’s Treaty – a 1795 agreement between Britain and the Untied States that called for Britain to pay damages for seized American ships and to give up forts it still held in the West. In exchange, the United States would repay debts owed to British merchants.

Farewell Address – final official speech of Presidents as they leave office.

faction – opposing groups within political parties

unconstitutional – not permitted by the Constitution.

Democratic Republican – supporter of Thomas Jefferson, who favored a decentralized government

Federalist – supporter of the Constitution, who favored a strong federal, or national, government.

XYZ Affair – the French attempt to bribe the United States by demanding payment before talks could begin on the issue of French seizure of neutral American ships.

frigate –fast-sailing ship with many guns.

Alien and Sedition Acts – in 1798, Federalist-supported laws that permitted the President to expel foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the government or its officials.

sedition – stirring up rebellion against a government

nullify – cancel a law passed by the federal government.

Kentucky and Virginia resolutions – declarations passed in 1798 and 1799 that claimed that each state has the right to decide whether a federal law is constitutional and to nullify laws deemed unconstitutional within a state’s borders.

states’ rights – the right of states to limit the power of the federal government.

Leader of the Democratic Republicans – Thomas Jefferson

Leader of the Federalists – Alexander Hamilton.

Maurice de Talleyrand – French foreign minister who sent three agents to demand $250,000 bribe for himself and a $10 million loan for France.

John Jay- first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State in first Cabinet

Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of the Treasury in the first Cabinet

Henry Knox- Secretary of War in the first Cabinet

Edmund Randolph – Attorney General in Washington’s Cabinet

Who won the election of 1796?

What group decided the winner of the election of 1800?

Who won the election?

The 12th amendment was passed as a result of the election of 1800? What did the amendment change?