All Classes 

Answer questions 1-3 and Key Terms on 

page 516

Chapter 7 Study Guide

Missouri Compromise – agreement to admit Maine to the Union as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.

Dred Scott Decision – Dred Scott was an African American who had been taken by his owners to live in a free states and territories, then sued or his freedom. In this landmark Supreme Court, case the court held that slaves were property and not entitled to the same rights as a citizen.

Thirteenth Amendment – abolished slavery.

Fourteenth Amendment – stated that all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including African Americans, are citizens of the United States.  Its Due Process Clause also stated that state and local governments cannot deprive any citizens of ‘life, liberty or property’ without due cause.

Fifteenth Amendment – gave African American males the right to vote.

Twenty-Fourth Amendment – abolished poll taxes.

Susan B. Anthony – American social reformer who played a key role in the woman’s suffrage movement.

Elizabeth Blackwell – the first female physician in the United States

Nineteenth Amendment – gave women the right to vote.

suffrage – the right to vote.

poll tax – a fee to vote.

equal protection – Principle whereby everyone is to be treated fairly, but not necessarily the same

segregation – separation, as in separation of one racial group from another, especially in public places such as hotels, schools, restaurants, and transportation.

Martin Luther King Jr. – leader of the American Civil Rights Movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968.

Malcolm X – the African American leader and prominent figure in the Nation of Islam, who encouraged black pride in the 1960s

Jim Crow – Laws that segregated blacks from whites in the South

Plessy v. Ferguson – court case that involved Homer Plessy, an African American man who refused to leave a “whites only” railroad car in Louisiana. The Supreme Court ruled that the Louisiana law did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment as long as the cars for blacks and for whites were of equal quality. The “separate but equal” standard was accepted as justification for laws that segregated blacks and whites. 

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka – the family of Linda Brown, an African American elementary student,  sued to have their daughter attend the all-white school in the neighborhood based on the idea that separate but equal was unequal.

University of California v. Bakke – the Supreme Court case that allowed race to be a consideration in admissions, but held that quotas were illegal.

In the early 1970s, the medical school of the University of California at Davis devised a dual admissions program to increase representation of disadvantaged minority students. Allan Bakke was a white male who applied to and was rejected from the regular admissions program, while minority applicants with lower grade point averages and testing scores were admitted under the specialty admissions program. Bakke filed suit, alleging that this admissions system violated the Equal Protection Clause and excluded him on the basis of race. The Supreme Court found for Bakke against the rigid use of racial quotas, but also established that race was a permissible criterion among several others.

Grutter v. Bollinger – the landmark court case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School. Barbara Grutter, applied or admission to the University of Michigan Law School in 1997 with an undergraduate GPA of 3.8 and an LSAT of 161. She was denied admission.  Grutter, who was white, challenged the law school’s use of race as a factor in admissions process.

The court held that a race-conscious admissions process that may favor "underrepresented minority groups," but that also took into account many other factors evaluated on an individual basis for every applicant, did not amount to a quota system that would have been unconstitutional under Regents of the University of California v. Bakke.  

affirmative action – Steps to counteract the effects of past racial discrimination and discrimination against women

NAACP – the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is an African American civil rights organization that works to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of all minority groups in the United States.

Little Rock Nine – a group of nine African American students who enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957.  Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. They attended the school after President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent troops from the 101^st Airborne to escort the students to school.

Twenty-Sixth Amendment – the voting age is lowered to eighteen.

Bloody Sunday – the March 7, 1965 protest march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama that ended in bloody confrontations with police.

Seneca Falls Convention – the name of a women’s rights convention in the United States

Thurgood Marshall – legal counsel for the NAACP during Brown v. Board of Education

Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corporation – the Supreme Court ruled that companies cannot have different hiring practices for women and men.

Freedom Riders- civil rights activists who rode interstate buses in the segregated southern United States to challenge the non-enforcement of the Supreme Court ruling that segregated public bussing was unconstitutional.

March 2

Green, Blue, and Yellow

Page 203, 4-6

Red 

Page 203, Key Terms and 1-3