Blue and Green

Chapter 10
Study Guide


democratic- ensuring that all people have the same rights

laissez faire- idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs

free market – economic system in which individuals, rather than the government, decide what and how much to produce and sell

judicial review – power of the Supreme Court to decide whether acts of a President or laws passed by Congress are constitutional

Albert Gallatin – Secretary of the Treasury underJefferson who reduced government spending through careful management

John Marshall – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who established the precedent of judicial review

Marbury v Madison –1803 court case in which the Supreme Court ruled that in had the power to decide whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional and to reject laws that it considered unconstitutional

Pinckney Treaty – treaty signed by theUnited States andSpain that allowed Americans to ship their goods down the Mississippi River and store them inNew Orleans

Napoleon Bonaparte – ruler ofFrance who sold theLouisianaTerritory to theUnited States

Toussaint L’Ouverture – leader of the revolution inHaiti

Louisiana Purchase – vast territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, purchased fromFrance in 1803 for $15 million

Lewis and Clark – explored theLouisiana Purchase

Sacagawea – Native American woman who led Lewis and Clark across theRocky Mountains

Zebulon Pike – explored the upper Mississippi River, the Arkansas River, and parts of present-dayColorado andNew Mexico

expedition – long voyage of exploration

continental divide – mountain ridge that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides of a continent

Empress of China – the first American ship to trade withChina

Stephen Decatur – American naval officer who led his crew to set the captured American vessel the Philadelphia on fire

Embargo Act – an 1807 law that imposed a total ban on foreign trade

Nonintercourse Act – an 1809 law that allowed Americans to carry on trade with all nations exceptBritain andFrance

tribute - bribe

impressment – practice of forcing people into military service

embargo – ban on trade

smuggling – importing or exporting goods in violation of trade laws

Treaty of Greenville – treaty signed by some Native Americans in 1795, giving up land that would later become part ofOhio in exchange for $20,000 and a promise of more money if they kept the peace

Tecumseh – Native American leader who tried to organize a confederation of Indian nations to stop white settlers from taking their lands.

The Prophet – brother of Tecumseh, he built a village called Prophetstown on Tippecanoe Creek

William Henry Harrison – Led the attack against Prophetstown by

Battle of Tippecanoe – In 1811, battle over white settlement in theIndianaTerritory

War Hawks – members of Congress from the South and the West who called for war withBritain prior to the War of 1812

Henry Clay – leader of the War Hawks. He wanted to punish the British for seizing American ships. He hoped to conquerCanada during the War of 1812

confederation – league of independent states or nations

nationalism – devotion to one’s country

Oliver Hazard Perry – American naval officer who defeated the British onLake Erie

Battle of Lake Erie – in the War of 1812, an American victory led by Oliver Hazard Perry against the British

Andrew Jackson – leader of American forces atNew Orleans who defeated the British

Dolley Madison – First Lady saved important presidential papers and a portrait of George Washington when the British burned the White House

Battle of New Orleans – At the end of the War of 1812, a battle between British and American forces that ended in American victory.

Hartford Convention – gathering of New England delegates during the War of 1812 to protest the war by threatening to secede from theUnion

Treaty of Ghent – peace treaty signed byBritain and theUnited States at the end of the War of 1812

Francis Scott Key – American lawyer that witnesses the battle at Fort McHenry, author of The Star Spangled Banner

Fort McHenry – fort that protected the port of Baltimore, site of the battle Francis Scott Key witnessed that inspired The Star Spangled Banner

USS Constitution – United States naval vessel that defeated the HMS Guerriere off the coast of Newfoundland in August 1812, nicknamed Old Ironsides
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
Why did Tecumseh want to organize a confederation?
What is the significance of Marbury  v. Madison?
What was the effect of the Lewis and Clark expedition?