Chapter 7
Study Guide
Articles of
Confederation – a loose alliance of the 13 states
Land Ordinance or
1785- law that set up a system for settling the Northwest
Territory
Northwest Ordinance –
a 1787 article that set up a government for the Northwest
Territory , guaranteed basic rights to settlers, and outlawed
slavery.
Shay’s Rebellion- a
1786 revolt in Massachusetts
led by farmers in reaction to high taxes.
constitution – document
that sets out the laws, principles, organization, and processes of a government
execute – carry
out
cede- to give up
currency- money
depression- period
when business activity slows, prices and wages fall, and unemployment rises
Constitutional
Convention- gathering of state representatives in Philadelphia on May 25, 1787, to revise the
Articles of Confederation
James Madison - author
of the Virginia Plan
Virginia Plan – plan
at the Constitutional Convention, favored by larger states, that called for a
strong national government with three branches and a two-chamber legislature.
Roger Sherman – creator
of the Great Compromise.
Great Compromise- plan
at the Constitutional Convention that settled the differences between large and
small states
Three-fifths
Compromise – agreement at the Constitutional Convention that three fifths
of the slaves in any state be counted in its population.
legislative branch – branch
of government that passes laws.
executive branch – branch
of government that carries out the laws
judicial branch – branch
of government that decides if laws are carried out fairly.
compromise – settlement
in which each side gives up some of its demands in order to reach an agreement
Federalists – supporter
of the Constitution, who favored a strong federal government
Antifederalists – people
who opposed the Constitution and a strong central government
The Federalist Papers
– series of essays by Federalists James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and
John Jay in support of ratifying the Constitution.
George Mason – author
of the Virginia Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights – the
first 10 amendments to the Constitution which state the basic rights of the people.
amend - change
Alexander Hamilton – coauthor
of The Federalist Papers
Habeas corpus- the
right that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a
specific crime
Founding Fathers-
James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and other leaders who laid
the groundwork for the United
States .
Magna Carta-
signed in 1215, a British document that contains two basic ideas: Monarchs
themselves have to obey the laws, and citizens have basic rights.
English Bill of
Rights- a 1689 document that guaranteed the rights of English citizens
John Locke-
English writer who stated that all people had natural rights to life, liberty,
and property. He also suggested that government was an agreement between the
ruler and the ruled.
Baron de Montesquieu
– French Enlightenment thinker who said that the government should be divided
into three branches.
republic- a
system of government in which citizens choose representatives to make laws for
them
dictatorship –
government in which one person or a small group holds complete authority
separation of powers
– principle by which the powers of government are divided among separate
branches
ratification of
the Constitution required 9 of the 13 states
George Washington
– president of the Constitutional Convention.
Northwest Territory-
lands located east of the Mississippi and
north of the Ohio River where modern day Indiana ,
Ohio , Michigan ,
Wisconsin , and Illinois are located.
******Know the
weakness of the Articles of Confederation ***********
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